Otherwise, the sync process will overwrite all of your original music files on your iPhone and only keep the voice memos left.
But as Voice Memo belongs to Music type in iTunes, please note that you'd better backup your music & playlists on your iPhone X/8/7/6S/6 (Plus) firstly before you copy voice memos from iPhone to computer with iTunes. As is known to all, Apple has many limitations and can't support other media files like music, videos to transfer from iPhone to iTunes. Voice Memo is the only media type which can be transferred from iPhone to iTunes. Transfer Voice Memos from iPhone X/8/7/6S/6 (Plus) to Computer via iTunes